Fedora 18 , yum groupinstall , systemd

yum groupinstall "GNOME Desktop"
yum groupinstall "MATE-Desktop"
yum groupinstall cinnamon

How do I change the default runlevel? 

rm /etc/systemd/system/default.target 

ln -sf /lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target

ln -sf /lib/systemd/system/graphical.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target

SysVinit to Systemd Cheatsheet

 

Services

Sysvinit Command	Systemd Command	Notes
service frobozz start	systemctl start frobozz.service	Used to start a service (not reboot persistent)
service frobozz stop	systemctl stop frobozz.service	Used to stop a service (not reboot persistent)
service frobozz restart	systemctl restart frobozz.service	Used to stop and then start a service
service frobozz reload	systemctl reload frobozz.service	When supported, reloads the config file without interrupting pending operations.
service frobozz condrestart	systemctl condrestart frobozz.service	Restarts if the service is already running.
service frobozz status	systemctl status frobozz.service	Tells whether a service is currently running.
ls /etc/rc.d/init.d/	systemctl list-unit-files --type=service (preferred) ls /lib/systemd/system/*.service /etc/systemd/system/*.service	Used to list the services that can be started or stopped Used to list all the services and other units
chkconfig frobozz on	systemctl enable frobozz.service	Turn the service on, for start at next boot, or other trigger.
chkconfig frobozz off	systemctl disable frobozz.service	Turn the service off for the next reboot, or any other trigger.
chkconfig frobozz	systemctl is-enabled frobozz.service	Used to check whether a service is configured to start or not in the current environment.
chkconfig --list	systemctl list-unit-files --type=service(preferred) ls /etc/systemd/system/*.wants/	Print a table of services that lists which runlevels each is configured on or off
chkconfig frobozz --list	ls /etc/systemd/system/*.wants/frobozz.service	Used to list what levels this service is configured on or off
chkconfig frobozz --add	systemctl daemon-reload	Used when you create a new service file or modify any configuration

Note that all /sbin/service and /sbin/chkconfig lines listed above continue to work on systemd, and will be translated to native equivalents as necessary. The only exception is chkconfig --list.

Runlevels/targets

Systemd has a concept of targets which serve a similar purpose as runlevels but act a little different. Each target is named instead of numbered and is intended to serve a specific purpose. Some targets are implemented by inheriting all of the services of another target and adding additional services to it. There are systemd targets that mimic the common sysvinit runlevels so you can still switch targets using the familiar telinit RUNLEVEL command. The runlevels that are assigned a specific purpose on vanilla Fedora installs; 0, 1, 3, 5, and 6; have a 1:1 mapping with a specific systemd target. Unfortunately, there's no good way to do the same for the user-defined runlevels like 2 and 4. If you make use of those it is suggested that you make a new named systemd target as /etc/systemd/system/$YOURTARGET that takes one of the existing runlevels as a base (you can look at /lib/systemd/system/graphical.target as an example), make a directory /etc/systemd/system/$YOURTARGET.wants, and then symlink the additional services that you want to enable into that directory. (The service unit files that you symlink live in /lib/systemd/system).

Sysvinit Runlevel	Systemd Target	Notes
0	runlevel0.target, poweroff.target	Halt the system.
1, s, single	runlevel1.target, rescue.target	Single user mode.
2, 4	runlevel2.target, runlevel4.target, multi-user.target	User-defined/Site-specific runlevels. By default, identical to 3.
3	runlevel3.target, multi-user.target	Multi-user, non-graphical. Users can usually login via multiple consoles or via the network.
5	runlevel5.target, graphical.target	Multi-user, graphical. Usually has all the services of runlevel 3 plus a graphical login.
6	runlevel6.target, reboot.target	Reboot
emergency	emergency.target	Emergency shell

Changing runlevels:

Sysvinit Command	Systemd Command	Notes
telinit 3	systemctl isolate multi-user.target (OR systemctl isolate runlevel3.target OR telinit 3)	Change to multi-user run level.
sed s/^id:.*:initdefault:/id:3:initdefault:/	ln -sf /lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target	Set to use multi-user runlevel on next reboot.

systemd command reference

sysVinit command	systemd command	Notes
service sshd start	systemctl start sshd.service	Used to start a service (not reboot persistent)
service sshd stop	systemctl stop sshd.service	Used to stop a service. (not reboot persistent)
service sshd restart	systemctl restart sshd.service	Used to start and stop a service.
service sshd reload	systemctl reload sshd.service	When supported, reloads the config file without interrupting pending operations.
service sshd condrestart	systemctl condrestart sshd.service	Restarts if the service is already running.
service sshd status	systemctl status sshd.service	Tells whether a service is currently running.
ls /etc/rc.d/init.d/	systemctl list-unit-files --type=service	Lists all available services.
chkconfig sshd on	systemctl enable sshd.service	Always run the service at this target (runlevel.)
chkconfig sshd off	systemctl disable sshd.service	Do not automatically run the service at this target (runlevel.)
chkconfig --list	systemctl list-units -t service --all	Print a table of available services and their status.
chkconfig sshd --list	ls /etc/systemd/system/*.wants/sshd.service	Lists the targets that will include the service.
chkconfig sshd --add	systemctl daemon-reload	Used when you create a service file or modify any configuration.
telinit 3	systemctl isolate multi-user.target	Move system into another target (change runlevels.)
[no comparable command]	systemctl show -p "Wants" multi-user.target	Lists units pulled in by a given target.
[no comparable command]	systemctl show -p "After" sshd.service	Shows dependent services and other targets.
[no comparable command]	systemd --test --system --unit=multi-user.target	Simulates booting the system to a given target
[no comparable command]	systemd-analyze plot > boot.svg	Generates a diagnostically useful graphical representation of the boot process.
ps xawf -eo pid,user,cgroup,args	systemd-cgls	Display control group process tree.